Understanding authentication in the European context

Digitalisation, eID, Guide

Posted by Johanna Santos 2026-02-06

The European framework

In the European Union, authentication is closely linked to the eIDAS Regulation (electronic IDentification, Authentication and trust Services). eIDAS forms the foundation for electronic identification and trust services, ensuring electronic identities and transactions are recognised across member states.

Under eIDAS, levels of assurance, from low to high, help organisations match the strength of authentication to the risk and sensitivity of a transaction. Authentication best practice also intersects with standards from ETSI and requirements under GDPR, emphasising technical robustness, data protection, and transparency.

Common methods and cross-border considerations

Authentication may use a combination of:

Something the user knows (e.g. a password)
Something the user has (e.g. a secure token or mobile device)
Something the user is (biometric data)

Europe’s harmonised approach means that digital identities and authentication methods recognised in one member state can often be trusted and accepted across borders. Read more about authentication vs identification.

Takeaways for organisations

As digital transformation continues across sectors, organisations should treat authentication not just as a technical matter but as part of regulatory compliance and trust infrastructure. Regularly reviewing authentication practices, aligning with applicable standards and regulations, and maintaining clear audit trails will help ensure secure, reliable digital processes.

To explore this topic in more depth, read the full guide to Understanding authentication in the European context in Scrive’s Knowledge Hub – your resource for detailed insights on digital identity, trust services and secure electronic interactions.